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1.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 36(1)mar. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1522002

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de distensión de la bolsa capsular es una rara complicación de la cirugía de catarata. El objetivo principal fue exponer los principales hallazgos oftalmológicos de esta enfermedad, y las diferentes alternativas de diagnóstico y tratamiento para afrontar esta infrecuente y tardía complicación de la cirugía de catarata. Consiste en la adhesión del borde de la capsulorrexis al lente intraocular, colocado en un saco capsular. Tal aposición dificulta que el líquido fluya a través de la apertura de la cápsula anterior y se acumule en el saco capsular. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 71 años con antecedentes de cirugía de catarata por facoemulsificación en el ojo derecho. Refirió que desde hace 11 meses ha notado disminución de la visión. En el examen oftalmológico del ojo derecho se constató agudeza visual sin corrección de 0,3 por cartilla de Snellen, la cual mejoró a 1,0 con una corrección de -1,00 dioptría D. La exploración con lámpara de hendidura descartó cualquier tipo de inflamación del segmento anterior. Su presión intraocular fue de 18 mmHg. Mostró una cámara anterior poco profunda, con un desplazamiento anterior del iris y un saco capsular distendido. La cápsula posterior estaba separada de la superficie posterior del LIO con contenido líquido transparente. Se diagnosticó síndrome de distensión de la bolsa capsular. Se sometió a una capsulotomía posterior con láser Nd: YAG. En la evaluación posterior, el paciente mostró agudezas visuales no corregidas de 1,0 por cartilla de Snellen en ambos ojos. El síndrome de distensión de la bolsa capsular es una complicación tardía e infrecuente de cirugía de catarata con múltiples factores de riesgo, pero de rápida solución(AU)


Capsular bag distension syndrome is a rare complication of cataract surgery. The main objective was to expose the main ophthalmological findings of this disease and the different diagnostic and treatment alternatives to deal with this infrequent and late complication of cataract surgery. It consists of adhesion of the capsulorhexis rim to the intraocular lens, placed in a capsular bag. Such apposition makes it difficult for fluid to flow through the anterior capsule opening and accumulate in the capsular sac. We present a 71-year-old male patient with a history of cataract surgery by phacoemulsification in the right eye who 11 months ago reported decreased vision in the same eye. The ophthalmologic examination of the right eye showed an uncorrected visual acuity of 0.3 by Snellen chart, which improved to 1.0 with a correction of -1.00 D diopter. Slit lamp examination ruled out any type of anterior segment inflammation. His intraocular pressure was 18 mmHg. She showed a shallow anterior chamber, with an anterior displacement of the iris and a distended capsular sac. The posterior capsule was separated from the posterior surface of the IOL with clear fluid content. Capsular bag distension syndrome was diagnosed. He underwent posterior capsulotomy with Nd: YAG laser. On further evaluation, the patient had uncorrected visual acuities of 1.0 by Snellen chart in both eyes. Capsular bag distension syndrome is a late and infrequent complication of cataract surgery with multiple risk factors, but with rapid resolution(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cataract/complications
2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 82: e0050, 2023. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521785

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Ao longo da vida, o cristalino produz novas fibras dispostas de forma concêntrica, que aumentam seu diâmetro anteroposterior e peso, tornando seu núcleo mais compacto e endurecido. A catarata hipermadura é uma forma de progressão avançada dessa proliferação de fibras, que pode desencadear uma variedade de complicações. A ruptura espontânea da cápsula anterior do cristalino, evoluindo com deslocamento anterior do núcleo, é uma complicação rara e com poucos casos publicados na literatura. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 68 anos, que apresentou ruptura espontânea da cápsula anterior do cristalino com deslocamento anterior do núcleo em olho esquerdo sem histórico de trauma ocular. A paciente foi submetida à facoemulsificação do cristalino e ao controle da pressão intraocular, evoluindo com melhora do quadro clínico.


ABSTRACT Throughout life, the lens produces new fibers arranged concentrically, which increase its anteroposterior diameter and weight, making its nucleus more compact and hardened. Hypermature cataract is an advanced stage of this fiber proliferation, which can trigger a variety of complications. Spontaneous rupture of the anterior lens capsule evolving with anterior displacement of the nucleus is a rare complication, with few cases published in the literature. We describe the case of a 68-year-old female patient, who presented spontaneous rupture of the anterior lens capsule with anterior displacement of the nucleus in the left eye, without a history of ocular trauma. The patient underwent phacoemulsification and clinical control of intraocular pressure, improving her condition.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Cataract/complications , Lens Subluxation/diagnosis , Lens Subluxation/etiology , Anterior Capsule of the Lens/pathology , Rupture, Spontaneous/surgery , Cataract/therapy , Glaucoma, Neovascular , Lens Subluxation/surgery , Ultrasonography , Phacoemulsification/methods , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Intraocular Pressure , Lens Nucleus, Crystalline/pathology , Anterior Chamber/pathology
3.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 35(4)dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1441771

ABSTRACT

La silicona líquida es usada intravítrea cuando se requiere un taponamiento prolongado intraocular para mantener la retina aplicada. A pesar de sus ventajas, su uso se ha asociado a algunas complicaciones como catarata, queratopatía, hipertensión ocular, glaucoma entre otras. La hipertensión ocular secundaria por aceite de silicona aparece por varios mecanismos, la migración de partículas a la malla trabecular junto con el proceso inflamatorio que genera es un reto para los cirujanos, de ahí los diferentes criterios de tratamiento que existen para su completa resolución. A continuación, se presenta un paciente operado de desprendimiento de retina recidivado con hipertensión ocular secundario a aceite de silicona 9 meses después de su primera intervención. Llevó tratamiento con hipotensores oculares tópicos, orales y no resolvió por lo que se decide realizar ciclocrioterapia en dos cuadrantes. A pesar que este tratamiento no es el de elección en estos casos, podemos decir que en este paciente se logra controlar la presión intraocular luego de una sola sesión(AU)


Liquid silicone is used intravitreally when prolonged intraocular insulation is required to keep the retina applied. Despite its advantages, its use has been associated with some complications such as cataract, keratopathy, ocular hypertension, glaucoma, among others. Secondary ocular hypertension due to silicone oil appears by several mechanisms. The migration of particles to the trabecular meshwork, together with the inflammatory process it generates, represents a challenge for surgeons, hence the different treatment criteria that exist for its complete resolution. The following is a patient operated on for recurrent retinal detachment with ocular hypertension secondary to silicone oil 9 months after the first operation. He was treated with topical and oral ocular hypotensors and it did not resolve, so it was decided to perform cyclocriotherapy in two quadrants. Although this treatment is not the treatment of choice in these cases, we can say that in this patient intraocular pressure control was achieved after only one session(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cataract/complications , Silicone Oils/therapeutic use , Retinal Detachment/etiology , Ocular Hypertension , Glaucoma/complications
4.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(2): 91-95, Mar.-Apr. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1280107

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados da facotrabeculectomia em seguimento igual ou superior a 5 anos. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, de intervenção e analítico realizado no centro cirúrgico da clínica de olhos de Juazeiro do Norte com pacientes operados no período de 2006 a 2013. Foram envolvidos na investigação 34 olhos de 29 pacientes com catarata senil e glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto submetidos à facotrabeculectomia. Foi criado um escore de risco de dano glaucomatoso variando de 0 a 5 ao avaliar pressão intraocular, escavação do disco óptico, número de drogas hipotensoras utilizadas para o tratamento do glaucoma e a idade do paciente em anos. A amostra foi de conveniência e pareada. Foi utilizado o teste de Wilcoxon pareado para a verificação de diferenças entre médias. Foi aceito p< 0,05 para a rejeição da hipótese de nulidade. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética da plataforma Brasil e segue a resolução 466 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Resultados: A média da acuidade visual foi significantemente maior após o seguimento de 5 anos (média pré-operatória 0,42 +/- 0,23 ver-sus média pós-operatória 0,62 +/- 0,29 - p=0,0031). A média dos escores de risco para dano glaucomatoso após 5 anos de seguimento foi significativamente menor quando comparado ao pré-operatório (media pré-operatória: 9,47 +/- 1,61 versus média pós-operatória 6,55 +/- 2,21) p < 0,0001, considerado extremamente significante. Conclusão: A facotrabeculectomia foi significantemente efetiva na melhora da acuidade visual e na redução do risco de dano glau-comatoso após seguimento pós-operatório igual ou superior a 5 anos.


ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the results of phacotrabeculectomy in a follow-up of five years or more. Methods: Retrospective, interventional and analytical study that was carried out in the surgical center of clínica de olhos do juazeiro with patients operated on from 2006 to 2013. 34 eyes of 29 patients with senile cataract and primary open-angle glaucoma, who underwent phacotrabeculectomy were involved in the investigation. A risk score for glaucomatous dam-age ranging from 0 to 5 when evaluating intraocular pressure, excavation of the optic disc, number of hypotensive drugs used to treat glaucoma and the patient's age in years. The sample was of convenience and paired. The paired Wilcoxon test was used to verify differences be-tween means. P <0.05 was accepted for the rejection of the null hypothesis. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Brazil platform and follows the principles of resolu-tion 466 of the National Health Council. Results: The mean visual acuity was significantly higher after a five-year follow-up (preoperative average 0.42 +/- 0.23 versus postoperative average 0.62 +/- 0.29 - p = 0.0031). The average risk score for glaucomatous damage after five years of follow-up was significantly lower when compared to the preoperative (preoperative mean: 9.47 +/- 1.61 versus postoperative mean 6.55 +/- 2, 21) p <0.0001, considered extremely significant. Conclusion: Phacotrabeculectomy was significantly effective in improving visual acuity and reducing the risk of glaucomatous damage after a five-year postoperative follow-up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cataract/complications , Trabeculectomy/methods , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery , Phacoemulsification/methods , Visual Acuity , Visual Fields , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/complications , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Combined Modality Therapy , Intraocular Pressure
5.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(1): 77-81, jan.-fev. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251320

ABSTRACT

RESUMO No final do século vinte, com o surgimento de novas tecnologias e de novos programas espaciais, a medicina aeroespacial ganhou destaque no meio científico uma vez que os estudos relacionados às alterações da fisiologia humana no espaço tornaram-se cada vez mais necessário para a manutenção da saúde de cosmonautas. Os olhos são considerados uma das estruturas mais sensíveis do corpo às alterações vasculares, estruturais e bioquímicas provocadas pela microgravidade e radiação cósmica. Nesse sentido, essa revisão narrativa busca identificar e explicar as principais alterações morfológicas e funcionais que ocorrem no sistema visual em decorrência de missões espaciais.


ABSTRACT At the end of the twentieth century, with the emergence of new technologies and new space programs, aerospace medicine gained prominence in the scientific community since studies related to changes in human physiology in space have become increasingly necessary for the maintenance of cosmonaut health. The eyes are considered one of the most sensitive structures in the body to vascular, structural and biochemical changes caused by microgravity and cosmic radiation. In this sense, this narrative review seeks to identify and explain the main morphological and functional changes that occur in the visual system as a result of space missions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Space Flight , Weightlessness , Cataract/complications , Papilledema/complications , Cosmic Radiation , Aerospace Medicine , Eye Manifestations
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 83(5): 434-436, Sept.-Oct. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131625

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT In this report, we describe a new pupil expander device that was used to obtain adequate pupil dilation and centering in a patient with an iris coloboma. Specifically, we describe the case of a patient with an iris coloboma; a Malyugin ring was inserted to facilitate dilation during phacoemulsifi­cation surgery. One of the scrolls did not engage which resulted in an uneven distribution of forces and an eccentric pupil. A Canabrava Ring was then implanted that promoted effective pupillary dilation and remained stable and effective throughout the surgical procedure.


RESUMO Neste relato, descrevemos um novo dispositivo expansor pupilar que foi usado obter adequada dilatação e centralização da pupila em um paciente com coloboma de íris. Especificamente, descrevemos um caso de cirurgia de facoemulsificação em um paciente com coloboma de íris associado à pupila pequena e que, previamente, tentou-se sem sucesso o uso do expansor Malyugin Ring, que provocou uma dilatação pupilar descentrada. Entretanto, com o uso do expansor de íris Canabrava Ring, a pupila permaneceu dilatada e centrada durante toda a cirurgia, permitindo a realização de um procedimento seguro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cataract , Coloboma , Phacoemulsification , Cataract/complications , Pupil , Coloboma/surgery , Coloboma/complications , Iris/surgery
8.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(6): 495-500, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038698

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the relationship between pseudoexfoliation syndrome and incidence of complications and related clinical factors in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 503 of 551 patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgery over 2 years in a health care district in Northwest Spain. In total, 120 of 681 eyes undergoing the procedure had pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Data on the surgical procedure and associated complications were extracted from the medical record. Complications included any combination of posterior capsular rupture, vitreous loss, zonular dialysis, and nuclear or lens luxation. Results: We found a significant association between pseudoexfoliation syndrome and zonular dialysis (odds ratio [OR], 6.89; 95% CI, 2.27-20.93), intraoperative miosis (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.10-4.22), and lens luxation >1.5 mm (OR, 9.49; 95% CI, 0.85-105.54). However, when adjusting for the overall risk of complications in pseudoexfoliation syndrome patients in consideration of myopia, use of anticoagulants or α-agonists, previous mydriasis, and anterior chamber length, the OR decreased to 1.02 (95% CI, 0.47-2.21) and was therefore not significant. Conclusion: Zonular dialysis and intraoperative miosis were intraoperative complications in cataract surgery patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome when compared to controls.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a síndrome de pseudoexfoliação e a prevalência de complicações e fatores clínicos relacionados em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de coorte de 503 de 551 pacientes que se submeteram à cirurgia de facoemulsificação durante 2 anos em um distrito de saúde no noroeste da Espanha. No total, 120 dos 681 olhos submetidos ao procedimento apresentavam síndrome de pseudoexfoliação. Dados sobre o procedimento cirúrgico e complicações associadas foram obtidos dos prontuários médicos. As complicações incluíram qualquer combinação de ruptura da cápsula posterior, perda de humor vítreo, diálise zonular e luxação do núcleo ou do cristalino. Resultados: Encontramos uma associação significativa entre síndrome de pseudoexfoliação e diálise zonular (razão de probabilidade [RP]: 6,89; IC 95%, 2,27-20,93), a miose perioperatória (RP: 2,15; IC 95%, 1,10-4,22) e luxação do cristalino >1,5 mm (RP: 9,49; IC 95%, 0,85-105,54). Porém, ao ajustar para o risco global de complicações em pacientes com síndrome de pseudoexfolição em consideração à miopia, uso de anticoagulantes ou α-agonistas, midríase prévia e comprimento da câmara anterior, a RP diminuiu para 1,02 (IC 95%, 0,47-2,21) e não foi, portanto, significativo. Conclusão: A diálise zonular e a miose intraoperatória foram complicações intraoperatórias em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata com síndrome de pseudoexfoliação quando comparados aos controles.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cataract/complications , Exfoliation Syndrome/complications , Phacoemulsification/adverse effects , Intraoperative Complications/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Spain/epidemiology , Time Factors , Cataract/physiopathology , Cataract/epidemiology , Visual Acuity , Logistic Models , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Follow-Up Studies , Exfoliation Syndrome/physiopathology , Exfoliation Syndrome/epidemiology , Statistics, Nonparametric
9.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(5): 377-380, Sept.-Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019430

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the frequency of corneal astigmatism before cataract surgery in a Brazilian sample. Methods: This clinic-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Bonsucesso Federal Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Charts of patients who underwent cataract surgery over a two-year period were retrospectively reviewed, and preoperative keratometric measurements were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 1707 eyes of 1045 patients were enrolled. The corneal astigmatism was less than 1.0 D in 971 eyes (56.9%), 1.0-1.99 D in 496 eyes (29.1%), 2.0-2.99 D in 157 eyes (9.2%), and more than 3.0 D in 83 eyes (4.9%). The mean corneal astigmatism was 0.92 ± (SD) 0.96 D (range 0 - 10.25 D). Conclusion: Over 40% of the patients undergoing cataract surgery enrolled in this study had more than 1.0 D of corneal astigmatism and may benefit from the use of toric intraocular lenses. These data can be useful for planning to make this technology available for patients.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência do astigmatismo corneano antes da cirurgia de catarata em pacientes brasileiros. Métodos: Este estudo transversal de base clínica foi realizado no Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os prontuários de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata durante um período de dois anos foram revisados retrospectivamente, e as medidas ceratométricas pré-operatórias foram coletadas e analisadas. Resultados: Um total de 1.707 olhos de 1045 pacientes foram incluídos. O astigmatismo corneano foi menor que 1,0 D em 971 olhos (56,9%), 1,0-1,99 D em 496 olhos (29,1%), 2,0-2,99 D em 157 olhos (9,2%) e mais de 3,0 D em 83 olhos (4,9%). A média do astigmatismo corneano foi de 0,92 ± (SD) 0,96 D (intervalo 0-10,25 D). Conclusão: Mais de 40% dos pacientes estudados submetidos à cirurgia de catarata incluídos neste estudo tinham mais de 1,0 D de astigmatismo corneano e podem se beneficiar do uso de lentes intraoculares tóricas. Esses dados podem ser úteis no planejar a disponibilização dessa tecnologia para os pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Astigmatism/epidemiology , Cataract/complications , Cataract Extraction , Corneal Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Cornea/physiopathology , Hospitals, Public
10.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(5): 425-428, Sept.-Oct. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019439

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT A rare case of bilateral congenital microcoria associated with antimetropia in a 47-year-old man is here described. The patient presented with a chief complaint of progressive vision loss in his right eye over the past five years. A slit-lamp examination and ultrasound biomicroscopy confirmed congenital microcoria and cataracts. Phacoemulsification was performed using an iris expansion device and the anterior capsule was stained using the "trypan down under" technique. Preoperative considerations, the surgical approach, and postoperative management are discussed.


RESUMO Um caso raro de microcoria congênita bilateral associada à antimetropia em um homem de 47 anos de idade é descrito aqui. O paciente queixava-se de perda visual progressiva em seu olho direito nos últimos 5 anos. Um exame com lâmpada de fenda e biomicroscopia ultrassônica confirmaram microcoria congênita e catarata. A facoemulsificação foi realizada usando dispositivo de expansão iriana, e a cápsula anterior foi corada através da técnica "trypan down under". Considerações pré-operatórias, abordagem cirúrgica e manejo pós-operatório são discutidos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Ophthalmic Solutions/administration & dosage , Atropine/administration & dosage , Cataract/complications , Cataract Extraction , Pupil Disorders/congenital , Phacoemulsification/methods , Pupil Disorders/surgery , Pupil Disorders/complications , Microscopy, Acoustic
11.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 78(5): 304-309, Sept.-Oct. 2019. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042380

ABSTRACT

Resumo Por conta de uma doença ocular, a obra de Monet foi analisada por múltiplas facetas, incluindo o reflexo da deterioração de sua visão nos seus trabalhos, motivo deste trabalho de revisão. Tendo como referência este panorama, propõe-se aqui pensar, por meio de algumas obras marcantes da biografia de Monet, a doença ocular catarata e o seu papel na história de vida deste pintor.


Abstract Due to the ocular disease, Monet's work was analyzed by multiple facets, including the reflection of the deterioration of his vision in his works, reason for this work of revision. With reference to this panorama, it is proposed here to think, by means of some remarkable works of the biography of Monet, the ocular cataract disease and the paper of this in the history of this painter's life.


Subject(s)
Paintings/history , Cataract/history , Cataract Extraction/history , Famous Persons , Color Vision , Cataract/complications , Visual Acuity , Color Vision Defects , Color Perception , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century
12.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 81(5): 433-436, Sept.-Oct. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950486

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT A patient with bilateral aniridia and progressive congenital cataract was treated at the age of 7 years through phacoaspiration with femtosecond laser capsulotomy, in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation, and pars plana vitrectomy (combined with posterior capsulotomy). The diameter of the planned anterior capsulotomy was 4.7 mm; however, due to elevated tension in the young capsular bag, the capsulotomy diameter increased (to around 6 mm) shortly after release of the tension by the laser. In addition, the patient had a very flat and small cornea, causing the formation of air bubbles in the curved laser interface. This was addressed by filling the gap by using a viscoelastic. A very similar situation was observed in both eyes. Use of the femtosecond laser facilitated a successful outcome in a complex congenital cataract case with a safe capsulotomy that ensured in-the-bag intraocular lens placement.


RESUMO Paciente com aniridia bilateral e catarata congê­nita progressiva foi tratado com a idade de 7 anos através de facoemulsificação com capsulotomia anterior por laser de femtosegundo, implante de lente intra-ocular e vitrectomia via pars plana (combinada com capsulotomia posterior). O diâmetro da capsulotomia anterior prevista foi de 4,7mm, porém, devido à elevada tensão do saco capsular jovem, o diâmetro da capsulotomia aumentou (para cerca de 6mm) logo após a liberação da tensão pelo laser. Além disso, o paciente tinha uma córnea muito plana e pequena, causando a formação de bolhas de ar na interface do laser. Isso foi resolvido preenchendo a lacuna usando um viscoelástico. Uma situação muito semelhante foi observada em ambos os olhos. O uso do laser de femtosegundo facilitou um resultado bem-sucedido em um caso complexo de catarata congênita com uma capsulotomia anterior segura que garantiu a colocação da lente intra-ocular dentro do saco capsular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Cataract/congenital , Aniridia/complications , Capsulorhexis/methods , Cataract/complications , Visual Acuity , Aniridia/surgery , Laser Therapy/methods
13.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(8): 2503-2514, Aug. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952730

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar os fatores associados a quedas em idosos comunitários com diagnóstico de catarata. Trata-se de pesquisa transversal e analítica. A amostra se constituiu de idosos comunitários residentes no Distrito Federal, Brasil. Foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico; Timed Up and Go; Short Battery Performance Test; a Plataforma de Equilíbrio Biodex Balance System; o Índice de Katz, escala de Lawton; Mini-Exame do Estado Mental; e os critérios de fragilidade de John Hopkins Medical Institutions. Para análise empregou-se regressão logística binária. Participaram 142 idosos (85 destes com catarata), com média de idade de 69,39 anos (± 5,67). Observou-se associação das quedas com sexo feminino (OR:4,45) e pontuação submáxima no SPPB (OR:3,53) entre os pacientes com catarata, ao passo que a presença de multimorbidades (OR:5,10) foi o fator de risco para os idosos sem catarata. Os dados sugerem fatores de risco diferentes para idosos com diagnóstico de catarata.


Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate factors associated with falls in community-dwelling older adults diagnosed with cataracts. An analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of community-dwelling older adults residing in the Federal District of Brazil. Interviews and assessment tools were administered, such as the Timed Up and Go test, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Biodex Balance System, Katz Index, Lawton Scale, Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire and Mini Mental State Examination. Statistical analysis involved binary logistic regression. One hundred forty-two older adults (85 with cataracts) participated in the study (mean age: 69.39 ± 5.67 years). Falls were associated with the female sex (OR: 4.45) and sub-maximum score on the SPPB (OR: 3.53) among patients with cataracts, whereas multimorbidity (OR: 5.10) was the risk factor risk for older adults without cataracts. The data suggest different risk factors for falls among older adults diagnosed with cataracts.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Cataract/complications , Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data , Postural Balance , Brazil/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Logistic Models , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Middle Aged
14.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 51(5): e6129, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889073

ABSTRACT

Reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation are important factors that contribute to the development of age-related cataract. The study included 130 patients with age-related cataract, 69 of whom were diagnosed with hypertension (HT), 20 with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and 41 had no accompanying condition. The following parameters were measured in the serum of the examinees: products of lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipofuscin-like fluorophores (LLF), activity of prooxidative enzymes xanthine oxidase (XO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), the concentration of thiol groups, and the ferric reducing activity of plasma. The activity of prooxidative enzymes XO and MPO was higher in the plasma of patients with HT (XO=9.0±1.2 U/L; MPO=77.3±8.4 U/L) and with HT and DM (XO=11.9±0.9 U/L; MPO=89.5±5.0 U/L) compared to patients with age-related cataract (XO=6.2±0.9 U/L; MPO=52.4±6.3 U/L; P<0.01). Our research has shown that patients with age-related cataract and hypertension were exposed to increased oxidative damage of biomolecules, based on the increased plasma LLF and MDA content and decreased levels of thiol groups. Oxidative changes of biomolecules in these patients were associated with increased activity of the XO, MPO, and GPx enzymes and a lower extracellular SOD activity and total ferric reductive ability of plasma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Xanthine Oxidase/metabolism , Cataract/enzymology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/enzymology , Hypertension/enzymology , Xanthine Oxidase/blood , Cataract/complications , Biomarkers/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Hypertension/complications
15.
Health sci. dis ; 19(4): 11-13, 2018. tab
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1262808

ABSTRACT

Déterminer le taux de complications de la chirurgie de la cataracte à l'Hôpital Central de Yaoundé (HCY). Méthodologie. Nous avons réalisé une étude descriptive portant sur les dossiers de malades ayant été opérés de cataracte à l'HCY de mars 2013 à décembre 2017. Les dossiers incomplets ainsi que ceux des patients sans suivi postopératoire étaient exclus. Les complications ont été recensées et analysées. Resultats. Nous avons récensé 264 yeux opérés mais inclus 124 yeux de 97 patients, dont les dossiers étaient complets avec suivi postopératoire. L'âge moyen des patients était de 65,91ans ±16,02. La cataracte sénile était prédominante (91,75% des cas). Les complications per-opératoires les plus fréquentes étaient la rupture de la capsule postérieure (3,22%) et l'hyphéma (3,22%). L'hypertonie postopératoire transitoire était présent chez 4,84% des cas. Les complications tardives étaient représentées par la cataracte secondaire avec 26,56% des cas au 2ème mois post-opératoire. Aucun cas d'endophtalmie n'a été enrigistré. Conclusion. Le taux de complications de la chirurgie de la cataracte à l'Hôpital Central de Yaoundé est faible. Ce taux pourrait diminuer davantage avec l'expérience des chirurgiens


Subject(s)
Cameroon , Cataract Extraction/methods , Cataract/complications , Patients
16.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 76(6): 309-311, nov.-dez. 2017. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-899097

ABSTRACT

Resumo Ruptura espontânea da cápsula anterior do cristalino, evoluindo com deslocamento anterior do núcleo é uma complicação rara da catarata hipermadura. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 79 anos, que se apresentou com ruptura espontânea da cápsula anterior do cristalino com deslocamento anterior do núcleo em olho direito sem histórico de trauma ocular. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela visualização das abas da cápsula anterior, principalmente quando o núcleo foi removido. Realizamos facoemulsificação do núcleo pelo risco de descompensar a córnea. É importante destacar a raridade do caso, sendo o primeiro relatado no Brasil.


Abstract Spontaneous rupture of the anterior lens capsule, evolving with anterior dislocation of the lens nucleus is a rare complication of hypermature cataract. We report a case of a female patient, 79 years old, who presented with spontaneous rupture of the anterior lens capsule with anterior dislocation of the nucleus in the right eye with no history of ocular trauma. The diagnosis was confirmed by the visualization of the tabs of the anterior capsule, especially when the nucleus was removed. We perform phacoemulsification of the nucleus by the risk of decompensating the cornea. It is important to highlight the rarity of the case, the first being reported in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Cataract/complications , Lens Subluxation/etiology , Phacoemulsification/methods , Lens Nucleus, Crystalline/pathology , Anterior Chamber/pathology , Rupture, Spontaneous , Lens Subluxation/surgery , Lens Subluxation/diagnosis , Ultrasonography , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Intraocular Pressure , Anterior Chamber/surgery
17.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 30(2): 1-15, abr.-jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-901363

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: caracterizar las enfermedades oftalmológicas en pacientes con VIH-SIDA diagnosticadas en el Servicio de Uveítis e Inflamaciones Oculares del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo en 39 ojos (24 pacientes) quienes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión de la investigación. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, enfermedades oftalmológicas asociadas, lateralidad, agudeza visual y conteo de linfocitos TCD4+ al inicio y al final de la enfermedad oftalmológica, las complicaciones asociadas y la pérdida de la agudeza visual. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino (83,3 por ciento) y el grupo etario entre 31 y 45 años, que representó el 45,8 por ciento de la muestra. Existió un gran deterioro visual desde el inicio de la enfermedad, sin mejorias significativas una vez estabilizada esta (p= 0,503). Las enfermedades oftalmológicas más frecuentes en orden de frecuencia fueron la sífilis ocular (32,1 por ciento), la retinitis por citomegalovirus (28,6 por ciento) y la toxoplasmosis (17,8 por ciento). El desprendimiento de retina (27,2 por ciento), las membranas epirretinales (22,7 por ciento) y las cataratas (18,2 por ciento) fueron las complicaciones más frecuentes. Conclusiones: la sífilis ocular es la enfermedad más frecuente en pacientes con VIH-SIDA y no guarda relación con el conteo CD4+. La retinitis por citomegalovirus se asocia a conteos de CD4+ bajos y provoca mayor cantidad de complicaciones. Más de la mitad de los ojos con enfermedades oftalmológicas en los pacientes con VIH- SIDA evolucionan a la ceguera(AU)


Objective: to characterize the eye diseases observed in HIV-AIDS patients diagnosed at the Uveitis and Eye Inflammation Service at "Ramon Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology. Methods: retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study of 39 eyes (24 patients, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the research. The study variables were age, sex, associated eye diseases, laterality, visual acuity and TCD4+ lymphocyte count at the beginning and the end of the eye disease, the related complications and the loss of visual acuity. Results: males (83.3 percent) and the 31-45 y age group (45.8 percent) of the sample predominated. There was great visual deterioration since the onset of disease, without any significant improvement once the patient is stabilized (p= 0.503). The most common eye diseases were ocular syphilis (32.1 percent), cytomegalovirus retinitis (28.6 percent) and toxoplasmoxis (17.8 percent). Retinal detachment (27.2 percent), epiretinal membranes (22.7 percent) and cataract (18.2 percent) were the most frequent complications. Conclusions: Ocular syphilis is the most common disease in HIV-AIDS patients and is unrelated to CD4+ count. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is associated to low CD4+ counts and unleash higher number of complications. Over half of the eyes with diseases in HIV-AIDS patients evolved into blindness(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , CD4 Lymphocyte Count/methods , Cytomegalovirus Retinitis/complications , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Visual Acuity , Cataract/complications , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Longitudinal Studies , Retinal Detachment/complications , Retrospective Studies
18.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 80(3): 199-201, May-June 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888119

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT We describe a unique complication during primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC) in a patient with megalocornea scheduled for phacoemulsification with toric multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. After nucleus emulsification and cortex removal, the capsular bag was filled with cohesive viscoelastic in preparation for PCCC to achieve reverse optic capture of the IOL, thus ensuring stability. However, as soon as the initial puncture was made using a 27-gauge needle to start the capsulotomy, the posterior capsule opening extended peripherally from 0º-180º. This capsule extension was similar to the Argentinean-flag sign in hypermature cataracts, and both are caused by excessive intracapsular pressure. Careful bimanual manipulation was performed to implant the IOL on the desired axis, which occurred uneventfully. At a postoperative visit, the patient exhibited excellent uncorrected visual acuity with a well-aligned IOL.


RESUMO Os autores demonstram uma complicação durante a realização de uma capsulo tomia circular contínua posterior (CCCP) em um paciente com megalocórnea programado facoemulsificação com implante de lente intraocular (LIO) tórica multifocal. Após a remoção do núcleo e córtex, o saco capsular foi preenchido por viscoelástico coesivo com finalidade de prepará-lo para realização da CCCP e com isso assegurar o correto alinhamento do implante no eixo desejado. Entretanto, assim que a agulha de 27-gauge foi utilizada para confecção puntura inicial da capsulotomia, imediatamente a cápsula posterior se abriu até periferia de 0-180 graus, similar à lesão capsular vista no sinal da Bandeira Argentina em cataratas hipermaduras, ambos causados por pressão excessiva intracapsular. Manipulação cuidadosa foi realizada para implantação da lente no eixo correto, a qual aconteceu sem intercorrências. No pós-operatório, a paciente apresentou uma excelente acuidade visual sem correção com LIO corretamente alinhada no eixo desejado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cataract/complications , Phacoemulsification/adverse effects , Capsulorhexis/adverse effects , Lens Implantation, Intraocular/adverse effects , Posterior Capsular Rupture, Ocular/etiology , Intraoperative Complications/etiology , Punctures/adverse effects , Visual Acuity , Treatment Outcome , Capsulorhexis/methods , Posterior Capsule of the Lens/surgery , Posterior Capsule of the Lens/injuries , Posterior Capsule of the Lens/pathology , Needles/adverse effects
19.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 75(5): 385-390, sept.-out. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-798065

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate prevalence of the fear of falling of elderly with cataracts living in the community and the associated factors with high concern with falling occurrences. Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical and observational study. It was composed by 86 elderly diagnosed with bilateral cataracts. To quantify the fear of falling among elderly, the scale Falls Efficacy Scale-International-Brasil (FES-I-BRASIL) was used. Other variables were obtained through application of a structured questionnaire. Results: Between participants, 41.9% reported low concern of falling, while 58.1% reported high concern. From those last ones, 52% fell at least once on the past 12 months and, 30% of them are recurrent fallers. The activities "to walk in slippery surfaces", "to walk in irregular surfaces" and, "to walk up and down the stairs" represented higher concern for elderly. Conclusion: Cataracts or any other visual issue predispose falls due to difficulty in overcoming obstacles present in the environment. Fear of falling is especially associated with factors acquired after the first fall episode.


RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência do medo de quedas em idosos com catarata residentes na comunidade e os fatores associados à alta preocupação com a ocorrência de quedas. Métodos: Pesquisa de corte transversal, analítico e observacional. Foi composta por 86 idosos com diagnóstico de catarata bilateral. Para quantificar o medo de quedas entre idosos foi utilizada a escala Falls Efficacy ScaleInternational-Brasil (FES-I-BRASIL). As demais variáveis foram obtidas por meio de aplicação de questionário estruturado. Resultados: Entre os participantes, 41,9% relataram baixa preocupação em cair, enquanto 58,1% relataram alta preocupação. Destes últimos, 52% sofreram ao menos uma queda nos últimos 12 meses e 30% deles são caidores recorrentes. As atividades "andar em superfícies escorregadias", "andar em superfícies irregulares" e "subir e descer escadas" foram as que representaram maior preocupação para os idosos. Conclusão: A catarata ou qualquer outro problema visual é um predisponente à queda pela dificuldade em enfrentar os obstáculos encontrados no ambiente. O medo de quedas está associado, principalmente, a fatores adquiridos após o primeiro episódio de queda.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cataract/psychology , Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data , Fear/psychology , Cataract/complications , Activities of Daily Living/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Observational Study
20.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 79(4): 218-221, July-Aug. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794582

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the results and complications of phacoemulsification surgery in eyes with posterior polar cataracts and compare the techniques of viscodissection and hydrodissection. Methods: The medical records of 29 consecutive patients (16 males, 13 females) with posterior polar cataracts (44 eyes) who had undergone cataract surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the technique used; viscodissection was applied to the experimental group (group 1) and hydrodissection to the control group (group 2). Results: The postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.19 ± 0.22 logMAR (mean ± standard deviation) (range 0.00-0.70) in group 1 and 0.25 ± 0.18 logMAR (range 0.00-0.70) in group 2. Although the mean postoperative BCVA in group 1 was greater than that in group 2, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.165). The mean postoperative BCVA was significantly greater than the mean preoperative BCVA in both groups (p=0.00). Intraoperatively, posterior capsular rupture occurred during the removal of the cortex in three eyes (13%) of group 1 patients, with vitreous loss and anterior vitrectomy in one eye only. In group 2, six eyes (28.5%) presented posterior capsular rupture, and anterior vitrectomy was performed because of vitreous loss in three eyes. Although the percentage of posterior capsular rupture was greater in group 2, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.207). Conclusions: Complications in posterior polar cataract surgeries can be overcome by being careful throughout the surgery and using proper techniques. Viscodissection may be better for avoiding posterior capsular rupture than hydrodissection.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados e complicações da cirurgia de facoemulsificação em olhos com catarata polar posterior e comparar as técnicas de viscodissecção e hidrodissecção. Métodos: Os prontuários de 29 pacientes consecutivos (16 homens, 13 mulheres) com posterior cataratas polares (44 olhos), que haviam sido submetidos a cirurgia de catarata foram analisados retrospectivamente. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a técnica utilizada; viscodissecção foi aplicada ao grupo experimental (grupo 1) e hidrodissecção para o grupo de controle (grupo 2). Resultados: No pós-operatório, a melhor acuidade visual corrigida (BCVA) foi 0,19 ± 0,22 logMAR (média ± desvio padrão) (variação 0,00-0,70) no grupo 1 e 0,25 ± 0,18 (0,00-0,70) logMAR no grupo 2. Embora a média da BCVA pós-operatória do grupo 1 tenha sido maior do que a do grupo 2, a diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,165). A melhor acuidade visual corrigida pós-operatória foi significativamente melhor do que no pré-operatório, em ambos os grupos (p=0,00). No grupo 1, houve ruptura capsular posterior durante a remoção do córtex em três olhos (13%); houve perda vítrea e necessidade de vitrectomia anterior mas apenas em destes olhos. No grupo 2, a ruptura da cápsula posterior ocorreu em seis olhos (28,5%); vitrectomia anterior foi necessária após a perda vítrea em três destes olhos. Embora a porcentagem de ruptura da cápsula posterior tenha sido maior no grupo 2, a diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,207). Conclusões: As complicações em cirurgias de catarata polar posterior podem ser superadas com cautela durante toda a cirurgia e usando técnicas adequadas. Viscodissecção é melhor para evitar a posterior ruptura capsular do que hidrodissecção.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Phacoemulsification/methods , Microdissection/methods , Postoperative Complications , Time Factors , Cataract/complications , Visual Acuity , Medical Records , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Phacoemulsification/adverse effects , Microdissection/adverse effects , Posterior Capsular Rupture, Ocular/etiology , Intraoperative Complications
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